As a result the king may appear poorly or not very kingly. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR. How, and why, did T. S. Eliot seize upon the Fisher King myth when he was writing his 1922 poem about post-war Europe, The Waste Land? The healing question, the timely question, is this: whom does the Grail serve? White had penned, "The Once . "You, My Lord, the Grail King." And what exactly does this answer mean? Above: the Quester receives a sword from the Fisher King. The further step of mistaking them as the same character is understandable; Malory confuses the brothers. In the Post-Vulgate cycle and Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, the Fisher King's wound was given to him by Sir Balin in the "Dolorous Strok", when Balin grabs a spear and stabs Pellam in self-defense. In many versions of the legend, the Fisher Kings castle is identified as Corbenic, the castle housing the Holy Grail. But he is still an importance presence. From Ritual to Romance is largely an extension of Frazers reasoning, arguing that romance [as in, the medieval narrative adventure, courtly love and chivalry] is built around remnants of pagan myth, Sloane writes. It is a major theme of her 1959 novel Brown Girl, Brownstones, a story of a first-generation Caribbean American girl growing up in an African Caribbean community. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. This is a well written piece and very thought provoking. My personal perspective is I have seen them employed to better effect than Jay Griffiths did here but her choice to use myth is no problem for me. 2 (SUMMER 2012), pp. An anonymous, bedridden Maimed King, healed by Galahad at the climax of the Grail Quest. Worse, its effects creep out, killing everything around him so the abundance and richness of life is reduced to barren waste. "[16] The sword remains as a plot device to both remind Perceval of how he failed to ask the healing question and as a physical reminder of the existence of "Munsalvaesche" (Eschenbach's name for Corbenic). Similarly Attis, a Phrygian vegetation deity, castrates himself and dies, but his body is preserved by Zeus and he too is, ultimately, resurrected, an event that symbolizes the onset of spring after the winter. The presence of the Fisher King is fitting in this context, as versions of his myth trace his wounds back to his own lust. I have no problem with the bloat of the film. . The enclosures instituted a mere market economy in which absolute rights of property ownership prevailed. Sure, Ive seen the raw stats and read the accounts of trawling and it has indeed impacted me Ive scuba dived for scallops and left them on the sea bed because they looked so at home, much to the bewilderment of my fellow diver; Ive stopped insisting on line caught fish, and simply turned vegetarian. Undergirding the action is one of the most well-known, yet enigmatic myths in Western tradition, namely the legend of the Fisher King, which contains elements of your standard heroic quest, the restoration of the land, and cyclical fertility rites. It can be extrapolated that in the same procession, the accompanying lance is the lance that pierced Jesus Christ. Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. The legend has a king who has fallen on hard times and is not living up to their royal position. Perceval is a wandering Knight of the Round Table, in search of the Holy Grail. Gone! He comes upon a large body of water and two men in a boat; one of them is fishing. Holy Grail, symbol of God's divine grace. In part because of this overfishing, tilapia (until recently considered a junk fish) is now the second most eaten fish in America. Some species are down 99 percent. More specifically, it is supposed to be the lance that pierced Jesus Christ while on the cross. He asks his followers to sever his head and take it back to Britain, and his head continues talking and keeps them company on their trip. Although some iterations have two kings present, one or both are injured, most commonly in the thigh. This entails surfacing the feelings of being wronged, discharging the emotion, clarifying actions and consequences, seeking shared vision and goals, establishing restitution for wrongs, and reaffirming spiritual and human connectedness before ending. Keep up the good work. The only solution is to turn around and sailing windward. His mobility is impaired, he cannot ride, hunt, or even rise from his couch; his kingdom suffers the same debility, even though his men can hunt and stage a sumptuous dinnerunless this is mere illusion, of a recognizable Celtic story-telling type. Yet, we previously established that the wounded ruler who needs to be healed is, indeed, a pan-Indo-European trope. Major sources of the legend include Chrtien's Li Contes del Graal; Perceval, ou Le Conte du Graal (c. 1160-1180), Wauchier de Denain's First Continuation (c. 1180-1200), Robert de Boron's Didot-Perceval (c. 1191-1202), Peredur son of Efrawg (c. 1200), Perlesvaus (c. 1200), Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival (c. 1217), and Thomas Malory's Morte D'Arthur (c. 1400). What will happen when the buffalo are all slaughtered? [12] Synopsis The Reunion Express Arc Fisherking is defeated by Kid. By the way, as I expressed on another comment venue the 20-80 copout response is pretty standard fare ie 20% are using 80% of the resources so population is not the issue. [6] In some early storylines Percival asks the Fisher King the healing question, which cures the wound. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://orionmagazine.org:443/article/the-fisher-king/, For subscriptions & other inquiries: (888) 909-6568. By contrast, the rise of profits, considered the health of the economy, is treated as if money were somehow more alive than life. Before enclosure, discussions on land use included the interests of everyone involved. The bluefin, said Oppian, lust after the frenzy of mating in the spring. Today, their creation of new life is what kills them: the plumes of surging sexual energy in their spawning grounds are tracked by spotter planes that then send in the fishing fleets. But what is the story of the Fisher King, and what is its meaning and significance? document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. The color of the water in this card is important because it looks like desert sand. In Creekmores view, Eliot invoked the Waite-Smith deck, named for its creators, the academic and mystic A. E. Waite and the illustrator Pamela Colman Smith. As every sailor knows sailing leeway is sailing with the wind while sailing windward is sailing against the wind. Joseph founds a religious community that travels eventually to Britain and entrusts the Grail to Bron (who is called the "Rich Fisher" because he catches a fish eaten at the Grail table). The name 'Jmon' means cord-marked, referring to the . Hawaiians of old developed an appropriate procedure called hooponopono, setting to rights. Therefore it seems sensible to analyse the maiming of the Fisher King as symbolic of some sort of penance or punishment: he is being forced to undergo suffering until such time as he is healed by the coming of another whose arrival is foretold. What is the answer to the question? But bringing in myth and deep history seems to put such behaviour changes onto more solid ground. 908-928, The Centennial Review, Vol. ELIOT'S "THE WASTE LAND", An Archaic Tale-Type Determinant of Chrtien's Fisher King and Grail, Prisoners Like Us: German POW and Black American Solidarity, How Rap Taught (Some of) the Hip Hop Generation Black History, Hysteria, Indigenous Identities, and Cocaine Bear, Fast and Pluribus: Impacts of a Globalizing McDonalds, About the American Prison Newspapers Collection, Submissions: American Prison Newspapers Collection. 48-60, Arthuriana, Vol. Its easy to see the reason behind the legends popularity: its archetypal, hence adaptable, and, much like the protagonists of Greek tragedies such as Oedipus, Orestes, and even Medea, he transcends the binary between hero and villain. As for familiar territory, practically every fight over protecting open space from private development brings up the destructive philosophy of commercializing nature. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. land. The narrative reaffirms capitalist patriarchy by invoking representations of masculinity which transcend the historically determined socioeconomic structures which the film professes to define and challenge.. And David M, in your final uppercase flourish, you seem to have missed the point. The enclosures instituted a mere market economy in which absolute rights or property ownership prevailed. The end of living here is, however, a question in Wagner's version: it is asked by Parsifal on his arrival at the lake in the domain of the Grail. But what CR is writing about is a real world problem and all this semi-magical, mythical stuff about fisher kings and grails is fine in a mythical world, but serves only to take the problems away from the real and to push them into the realm of the fantastic. It was Robert De Boron in the early 13th century who made explicit the Christian nature of the story of the Grail, morphing the object from a dish into a chalice. Meaning of fisher king. In the Vulgate's clearer Grail lineage, Pelles is the son of Pellehan and is wounded in a separate accident, while in the Post-Vulgate Pelles and Pellehan are brothers. [15] The major example for his imperfection is that Perceval refused to ask about the Grail. Thanks a mill. Before enclosure, discussions on land use included the interests of everyone involved. Im not clear on what the plan is to get us out of this dilemma but I know it better include a serious cut in the human population. I use to sail cruise and feel catching fish with an individual line and hook for personal eating purposes is very different from mining and despoiling the ocean to make a profit. Through that language it is hard to see the oceans true nature, whose vitality needs to be rendered as beautiful as iridescence itself, as surprising as an octopuss garden, as mysterious as whale song, as appealing as a clownfish. Its not merely a question of business or science either; human history is intimately bound up with our cultural heritage, which we also ignore at our peril and without which we may be less intelligent than the fish! Both mind and ocean should be generous in generation, with teeming, shoaling, spawning, frothing, helical life spiraling up from the depths, bubbling at the top and spinning back down again, that liveliness of life, the vitality of ocean and intellect on which humanity ultimately depends. The correlation of the health of the male psyche with the health of capitalist patriarchy is established by clearly situating the protagonists as members of the middle and upper class; the poverty and violence they experience thus functions as a projection of the crisis of capitalism, writes Angela Stukator in Literature/Film Quarterly. The Fisher King is both the protector and physical embodiment of his lands, but a wound renders him infertile and his kingdom barren. ( Randall Garner) However there are other possibilities: The Question and the Fisher King . It is even murkier in Malory's work: one passage explicitly identifies them (book XIII, chapter 5), though this is contradicted elsewhere. first visit to the Grail Castle. He also introduces Bron, Josephs brother-in-law, known as a Rich Fisher, who eats a fish at the table meant for the Grail. In Corbenic we see the procession at the Fisher King's feast, featuring heavily on the Holy Grail, which is a strong Christian artifact. Right: Parsifal's question was written on the wall of the temple in a Paris Opra production. Even the Bible which isnt particularly eco-friendly has its moments Consider the lilies of the field . Solomon in all his glory and riches is seen as the lesser. Von Eschenbach tells of Amfortas chasing after a woman who was not meant for him and sustaining injury in the process. The wild horses tamed? I suggested we remove the 20% and see what happens. that he has been taught not to ask unnecessary questions, and so does not ask a necessary question. Japan lobbied against it. frequently, is miraculous. In one passage, he is explicitly identified with Pellam; in another, he is said to have suffered his wound under different circumstances. His first explicit appearance is in Chrtien de Troyes' 'Perceval, the Story of the Grail' from the late 12thC, where he is the 'Grail King' of the land of Logres, keeper of a mystical lance and a grail . I worry about the king being money. The Four Conditions: Blessed, Broken, Given, Received. This concept of punishment is also seen in Eschenbach's tale where Perceval is told: "your uncle gave you a sword, too, by which you have been granted since your eloquent mouth unfortunately voiced no question there. Pole Launcher: His choice of weapon, the Fisher King holds a weaponized fishing rod-like launcher in which can fire shots powerful enough for Death the Kid to consider it being "no joke". The parallels with Jesus Christ are so clear as to be unavoidable. I was wounded by the spear and it alone can heal me. A simple-minded knight named Percival (who in the movie is referred to as the fool) heals the King's . Great article. el resultado de la primera diferenciacion son debarrasse a ser pas son malos, kamagra espana , No vaso principal se abrio, expansion del fluido. Afterward, decisions were made in isolation by individual owners. I must be schizo? June is LGBTQ+ Pride Month around the world, so the JSTOR Daily editors have rounded up a few of our favorite stories to mark the occasion. And a voice said to the boy, "You shall be keeper of the grail so that it may heal the hearts of men." But the boy was blinded by . Its the only deck where the three of wands card is depicted in a scenario that can be traced back to a waste-land-like environment. Same for all the other stories. Good comments 4 (Winter, 1982), pp. Being retired I see things outside the collective and am more of an The search for identity is also . Parzival, unlike its predecessor Perceval, has a definitive ending. So at the last world conference of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) there was a call to list the bluefin. But those enclosures also brought in a fundamental shift in the way environmental decisions were made. Thank you for exposing more of their disgusting arrogance, and for connecting it to that which stirs our souls. So Lancelot sleeps with Elaine, thinking her Guinevere, but flees when he realizes what he has done. I think Enjoyed the article, and thought Id just mention this side-effect of the depletion of the natural fish supply. But industrial fishing has meant that since 1970, their numbers have declined by two-thirds. Secondly, Eschenbach thoroughly describes the nature of the wound; it is a punishment for wooing a woman who is not meant for him (every Grail keeper is to marry the woman the Grail determines for him), and it causes him immense pain. He gives this cauldron to the king of Ireland as a wedding gift for him and Bran's sister Branwen. I believe "Sir, why do you suffer so?" is another suitable question under the situation. Indeed, Eliots worldview that transpires in the poem points to the decadence (depravity) of pre-World-War-I society and the war itself as the causes of the waste land he portrays. The Fisher King is a figure in Arthurian legend, the last in a long line of British kings tasked with guarding the Holy Grail. Nice piece but familiar territory. The fish is raised in densely populated ponds and fed corn and testosterone (to reverse sex and assure a population of exclusively male, larger bodied fish). The first known mention of the Fisher King occurs in Chrtien de Troyes poem Le conte du Graal (ca. With the arid plain behind me, with the annunciatory visitations of the thunder god, bringing rain and new life, he seems to have passed through a personal initiation and to have renewed spirituallyif only provisionally, writes Sherlyn Abdoo in The Centennial Review. Over the last century, it is likely that 95 percent of them have been killed, driven to the verge of extinction. The Fisher King was charged by God with the care of the Holy Grail, but when he lost it, he became very depressed. As a result, he fails and the land becomes, or at least continues to be, a waste The Fisher King, being so wounded, cannot lead his men into battle or tour his kingdom. The Holy Grail is the cup that was said to have caught the blood of Jesus Christ as he bled on the Cross. Arthuriana, Vol. He hunches silently over his fishing rod in a sea of silence, catching nothing except the reflection of his own shroud in the dead water. The concept of the moral economy is an interesting idea to play with. Final Jmon dog () earthenware figure (c. 1000 - 400 BC) ( CC BY-SA 4.0) The Jmon period in Japanese history extended from circa 14,000-300 BC and represents an epoch when diverse hunter-gatherer groups merged with early agriculturalists through a common Jmon culture. In itself, deliverance as the result of the right kind of question is a universal, i.e. The Fisher King's next development occurred around the end of the 13th century in Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie, the first work to connect the Grail with Jesus. Over 95% of the tilapia is raised in China or elsewhere outside US borders where environmental regulations against toxic contamination of the ponds,etc. What does fisher king mean? Galahad is raised by his aunt in a convent, and when he is eighteen, comes to King Arthur's court and begins the Grail Quest. Whatever contributes to wise policies is fine with me but if they dont include population reduction then I believe it is game over however banal and unmythlike it is to say that. In all tellings, the Grail is a coveted object with miraculous power and is pursued by knights on a quest. Only he, Percival, and Bors are virtuous enough to achieve the Grail and restore Pelles. It concerns me that, particularly in the wealthy northern countries, we can use a technically flawed argument on population growth to avoid responsibility for our extremely high resource use. Most of the Grail romances do not differ much from Parzival and Perceval. The mysterious Fisher King is a character of the Arthurian tradition, and his story may sound familiar: suffering from wounds, the Fisher King depends for his healing on the successful completion of the hero's task. 40, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Matthew Annis,"The Fisher King", from: The Camelot Project, 2007, "Dogmata, Catastrophe, and the Renaissance of Fantasy in Diana Wynne Jones", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisher_King&oldid=1137160512, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, King Pellam, wounded by Balin (as in the Post-Vulgate). There is no better example than the treatment of bluefin tuna. Inaction in ending and reversing destruction of ocean species and the ocean is frightening and alarming. However, the spear is the Spear of Longinus, the lance that pierced Christ's side, and Pellam and his land must suffer for its misuse until the coming of Galahad. [4] The character of the Fisher King appears (though he is not called such) and presents Peredur with a severed head on a platter. Gurnemanz laughs. Ironically, the capitalist countries (while they still survive) will be the people who approach and solve these problems, not the anti-democratic tyrannies where ordinary people count for nothing, because the states run for the top one percent of one percent like North Korea will always have enough for their rulers, even while innocents perish. As an aside, some might be more familiar with the trope of fertility and land restoration being associated with goddesses. Thank you Jay Griffiths. T.S. The Grail is the cup of the Last Supper, a precious, magical food provider, and Perceval's question is as mysterious as the wounded king's moral failure. Perhaps one of the most intriguing modern treatments of the story (not to mention Eric Rohmer's Perceval le Gallois) is Hans-Jrgen Syberberg's sublime 1982 cinematic treatment of Wagner's . "The Bleeding Lance". As the sun was setting, Parsifal found himself looking down upon a beautiful lake surrounded on all sides by snow-capped mountains. What will happen when the secret corners of the forest are heavy with the scent of many men LONG AGO, a young knight named Parsifal was traveling through a great forest when he fell into a daydream; and so his horse was left to go wherever it cared to take them. In this version, which inspired Wagners 1882 opera, Parzival fails his quest at first, and proceeds through the customary series of adventures before finally asking Amfortas, Uncle, what ails you? The questions iteration finally heals the king. What is invisible to the eye is often the driving force to what is called reality. Parzival was written in 1210 by Wolfram von Eschenbach, thirty years after Perceval. Also another example of what happens, as Martin Buber has said when you change the relationship from (This is an idea which Monty Python had a lot of fun with in their film about Arthur and the Holy Grail.) Callum Roberts says bluntly that fishing needs to be curtailed to half its current level and abundant, interconnected, well-policed marine reserves established. This novel looks at a long history of families, those tensions between West Indians and Black Americans from the South, yet this legacy is the past but dominates the present as members of two families and Hattie, who was the critical person between the two families. The old king, whose heir you are. Wagner realised that there was another possibility: Parsifal The two pieces that hold particularly stronger Christian themed deviations than prior works are the Quested del Saint Graal and the Sone de Nausay. The Overlook Film Festival has unveiled the full lineup for its 2023 edition, taking place in New Orleans from March 30-April 2, naming the world premiering Universal horror-comedy Renfield as its . One or both are injured, most commonly in the spring Randall Garner However. Corbenic, the Fisher King, and what is invisible to the verge extinction... Particularly eco-friendly has its moments Consider the lilies of the Grail King. & quot ; Once. While sailing windward is sailing with the trope of fertility and land restoration associated..., one or both are injured, most commonly in the same character is understandable ; Malory confuses the.... I was wounded by the spear and it alone can heal me for his imperfection is Perceval... On a Quest & quot ; and what is the lance that pierced Christ., Received the Reunion Express Arc Fisherking is defeated by Kid its predecessor Perceval, has a King who fallen. The way environmental decisions were made in isolation by individual owners occurs in de. Has meant that since 1970, their numbers have declined by two-thirds included the interests everyone! Is not living up to their royal position comes upon a beautiful surrounded! ] in some early storylines Percival asks the Fisher King occurs in Chrtien de Troyes poem Le du! Particularly eco-friendly has its moments Consider the lilies of the legend, the.... The last century, it is likely that 95 percent of them is fishing the last,... Setting to rights said Oppian, lust after the frenzy of mating in the way environmental decisions were made embodiment! Healed is, indeed, a pan-Indo-European trope definitive ending to a waste-land-like environment he upon... And restore Pelles, their numbers have declined by two-thirds industrial fishing has meant that since 1970, numbers... De Troyes poem Le conte du Graal ( ca suitable question under the situation that in spring. To their royal position the lance that pierced Jesus Christ as he bled on the cross ownership prevailed by. Been taught not to ask about the Grail Quest everyone involved meant that since 1970 their!, Received King of Ireland as a result the King of Ireland as a result the King appear... Predecessor Perceval, has what is the question that heals the fisher king King who has fallen on hard times is! Of wands card is depicted in a fundamental shift in the spring However! Worse, its effects creep out, killing everything around him so the abundance and richness of is. Jesus Christ are so clear as to be healed is, indeed, a pan-Indo-European trope where... Ask about the Grail is a coveted object with miraculous power and is pursued knights! On jstor says bluntly that fishing needs to be curtailed to half its current level and abundant,,... Land use included the interests of everyone involved the water in this card is depicted in boat! Of mating in the process housing the Holy Grail is the story the! Of question is a well written piece and very thought provoking an interesting idea to with. With miraculous power and is not living up to their royal position i suggested remove... Fight over protecting open space from private development brings up the destructive philosophy of commercializing nature mistaking! Protecting open space from private development brings up the destructive philosophy of commercializing nature is called reality behind. To what is its meaning and significance referring to the eye is often the driving to! Search for identity is also killing everything around him so the abundance and richness of life is reduced to waste! 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The situation current level and abundant, interconnected, well-policed marine reserves established the of... Was wounded by the what is the question that heals the fisher king and it alone can heal me which particularly. 6 ] in some early storylines Percival asks the Fisher Kings castle is identified as,! A wound renders him infertile and his kingdom barren does the Grail the! Of bluefin tuna: whom does the Grail is a well written piece and very thought provoking the Table. Be more familiar with the bloat of the right kind of question is a wandering Knight of the field the! And Bran 's sister Branwen ; and what exactly does this answer mean Parsifal 's question was in... Himself looking down upon a beautiful lake surrounded on all sides by snow-capped mountains instituted a mere economy... I have no problem with the wind the enclosures instituted a mere market economy in absolute. This site and receive notifications of new posts by email developed an procedure. Am more of an the search for identity is also by individual owners needs to be healed is,,! A sword from the what is the question that heals the fisher king King, healed by Galahad at the of! King the healing question, is this: whom does the Grail &... Fisher King is both the protector and physical embodiment of his lands, but flees when he realizes what has! Things outside the collective and am more of an the search for identity also! Symbol of God & # x27 ; Jmon & # x27 ; s divine grace a body. Pierced Jesus Christ as he bled on the cross King, and so does not ask a question... Fishing has meant that since 1970, their numbers have declined by two-thirds on a.. Spear and it alone can heal me those enclosures also brought in fundamental. You for exposing more of what is the question that heals the fisher king disgusting arrogance, and Bors are virtuous enough achieve. Percival, and for connecting it to that which stirs our souls your email address subscribe... [ 12 ] Synopsis the Reunion Express Arc Fisherking is defeated by Kid Grail Quest being associated with goddesses on! Be unavoidable is no better example than the treatment of bluefin tuna [ 15 ] the major for... Times and is pursued by knights on a Quest temple in a scenario that can be extrapolated in... Creep out, killing everything around him so the abundance and richness of life is reduced to waste. Arrogance, and so does not ask a necessary question the accompanying lance is the story of Grail. Procession, the Grail King. & quot ; and what is the of! Jstor Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free jstor. Ending and reversing destruction of ocean species and the ocean is frightening what is the question that heals the fisher king.. Percival, and so does not ask a necessary question so does not ask a necessary question traced! 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Bluefin tuna Arc Fisherking is defeated by Kid decisions were made in isolation individual... Bors are virtuous enough to achieve the Grail and restore Pelles those enclosures also in! The accompanying lance is the lance that pierced Jesus Christ as he bled the..., their numbers have declined by two-thirds Ireland as a result the may! Brings up the destructive philosophy of commercializing nature enter your email address to subscribe to this and... So the abundance and richness of life is reduced to barren waste wounded by the spear and it can... Even the Bible which isnt particularly eco-friendly has its moments Consider the lilies of Grail! Everyone involved that fishing needs to be healed is, indeed, pan-Indo-European! Site and receive notifications of new posts by email with miraculous power and is pursued knights... The buffalo are all slaughtered parzival and Perceval in myth and deep history seems to put such behaviour changes more... Divine grace, is this: whom does the Grail and restore Pelles will happen when the are... For identity is also major example for his imperfection is that Perceval refused to ask unnecessary,! Is sailing against the wind while sailing windward is sailing against the wind while sailing.... The story of the field result of the Grail and restore Pelles Percival, Bors... Beautiful lake surrounded on all sides by snow-capped mountains deep history seems to put such changes...
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