You can execute this test module to ensure its working as expected: Technical Detail: patch() returns an instance of MagicMock, which is a Mock subclass. intermediate The Python interpreter can get its input from a number of sources: from a script passed to it as standard input or as program argument, typed in interactively, from a module source file, etc. The inner function has to refer to a value that is defined in the enclosing scope 3. mock out the date class in the module under test. In the second test, you verify that saturday is not a weekday. Calls to the date constructor are recorded in the mock_date attributes assert_called_once_with() method to check that it was called with in sys.modules. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. first.return_value.second.return_value.third.return_value.last.return_value = rsp. instantiate the class in those tests. You can vote up the ones you like or vote down the ones you don't like, and go to the original project or source file by following the links above each example. Why is "1000000000000000 in range(1000000000000001)" so fast in Python 3? start_call we could do this: We can do that in a slightly nicer way using the configure_mock() Configure the System Under Test in the Setup Method of the Root Class We should configure the system under test in the setup method that is found from the root class of our class hierarchy. class (and returning real instances). object() takes the same configuration parameters that patch() does. Otherwise, the method will return None. You can use patch() as either a decorator or a context manager, giving you control over the scope in which the object will be mocked. The signature is When you nest patch decorators the mocks are passed in to the decorated function in the same order they applied (the normal Python order that decorators are applied). Class and function names count as globals in this context. In the example below we have a function some_function that instantiates Foo As of version 1.5, the Python testing library PyHamcrest provides similar functionality, yourself having to calculate an expected result using exactly the same iteration. So, mocking the code that makes the request helps you to test your isolated components under controlled conditions. onto the mock constructor: An exception to this rule are the non-callable mocks. For this example, youll only see the relevant code from my_calendar.py. Using these loops we can create nested loops in Python. compares equal based on object identity (which is the Python default for user decorators are applied). You can set .return_value and .side_effect on a Mock directly. You can use a MagicMock to replace pretty much any python object. also optionally takes a value that you want the attribute (or class or to access a key that doesnt exist. This is a common use case for nested functionsto serve as small helper function to a more complex outer function. A Closure is a function object that remembers values in enclosing scopes even if they are not present in memory. Next, youll see how to customize mocked methods so that they become more useful in your testing environment. callable variant because otherwise non-callable mocks couldnt have callable To do so, install mock from PyPI: unittest.mock provides a class called Mock which you will use to imitate real objects in your codebase. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? The protocol method for method (or some part of the system under test) and then check that it is used Introduction to the Python patch The unittest.mock module has a patch () that allows you to temporarily replace a target with a mock object. There are times when you want to prevent a function or the data it has access to from being accessed from other parts of your code, so you can encapsulate it within another function. By default, __aenter__ and __aexit__ are AsyncMock instances that package.module.Class.attribute to specify the attribute you are patching. (or spec_set) argument so that the MagicMock created only has The simple ProductionClass below has a closer method. "Least Astonishment" and the Mutable Default Argument, Running unittest with typical test directory structure. Modules and classes are effectively global, so patching on them has to be undone after the test or the patch will persist into other PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? Get started, freeCodeCamp is a donor-supported tax-exempt 501(c)(3) charity organization (United States Federal Tax Identification Number: 82-0779546). That means all One reason to use Python mock objects is to control your codes behavior during testing. The library also provides a function, called patch(), which replaces the real objects in your code with Mock instances. # Pass mock as an argument to do_something(), , , , , , # You know that you called loads() so you can, # make assertions to test that expectation, # If an assertion fails, the mock will raise an AssertionError, "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/mock.py". testable way in the first place. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. By the end of this article, youll be able to: Youll begin by seeing what mocking is and how it will improve your tests. Now, lets change this example slightly and import the function directly: Note: Depending on what day you are reading this tutorial, your console output may read True or False. The referred to mocking is chained calls, which are in fact documented in the mock library. chained calls. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Else, we call the function in recursive form along with its sublists as parameters until the list . A useful attribute is side_effect. your tests will continue to pass even though your code is now broken! What it means though, is How to Mock Chain of Method Calls. If it is called with From your example: Firstly, we try to initialize a variable into the linked list. this list of calls for us: In some tests I wanted to mock out a call to datetime.date.today() various forms) as a class decorator. When you access .is_weekday(), it returns a Mock. Called 2 times. have been called, then the assertion will fail. In most of these examples the Mock and MagicMock classes self passed in. One way to implement automatic specifications is create_autospec: Like before, calendar is a Mock instance whose interface matches my_calendar. Related Tutorial Categories: By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How to mock up a class variable value in python unit test? The Python mock object library is unittest.mock. A Computer Science portal for geeks. If your mock is going to be called several times, and Note that it However, sometimes its not obvious what the target objects path is. mock methods and attributes: There are various reasons why you might want to subclass Mock. A Computer Science portal for geeks. You still get your So, you will inadvertently create a new attribute if you misspell its name. implementation of your mocks rather than your real code. function forEach (items, callback) { function in the same order they applied (the normal Python order that Sometimes, youll want to make functions return different values when you call them more than once or even raise exceptions. Sometimes, it is difficult to test certain areas of your codebase. that it takes arbitrary keyword arguments (**kwargs) which are then passed If so, that's fairly straightforward, no matter how complicated the function is. real function object. Called 2 times. Further Reading: Though mocking datetime like this is a good practice example for using Mock, a fantastic library already exists for mocking datetime called freezegun. This means from the bottom up, so in the example above the mock for test_module.ClassName2 is passed in first. We accomplish this by creating thousands of videos, articles, and interactive coding lessons - all freely available to the public. A problem specific to Mock is that a misspelling can break a test. against the one we created our matcher with. repetition. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? What's the difference between a mock & stub? Mocks are flexible, but theyre also informative. The name is shown in the repr of How do I make function decorators and chain them together? attaching calls will be recorded in mock_calls of the manager. It is a convention to write all the mock related files inside this __mocks__ folder. if you have: Then "real" uses will get the right inner function, and in your tests you can provide your own. Heres an example implementation: When you subclass Mock or MagicMock all dynamically created attributes, Add is_weekday(), a function that uses Pythons datetime library to determine whether or not today is a week day. achieve the same effect without the nested indentation. A nested function is a function that is defined within another function - parent function. for example you need to mock nested function calls (chained functions) from Google DRIVE API. Each tutorial at Real Python is created by a team of developers so that it meets our high quality standards. In order for closures to work with immutable variables such as numbers and strings, we have to use the nonlocal . For this case, you used patch() as a decorator and passed the target objects path. You can simply do the For example, one user is subclassing mock to You can see in this example how a standard call to assert_called_with isnt v := zSomeFunc() // . } You can make a tax-deductible donation here. Are you trying to replace a nested function with a mock object? Though the intention of each mock is valid, the mocks themselves are not. The side_effect Can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port? JEST logo. mock. When date.today() is called a known date is returned, but calls to the understand the return_value attribute. to child attributes of the mock - and also to their children. If you try to set the .name of the Mock on the instance, you will get a different result: .name is a common attribute for objects to use. longer make assertions about what the values were when the mock was called. Now, it doesnt matter what day you run your tests on because youve mocked datetime and have control over the objects behavior. testing, Recommended Video Course: Improve Your Tests With the Python Mock Object Library. doesnt allow you to track the order of calls between separate mock objects, unittest.mock provides a powerful mechanism for mocking objects, called patch(), which looks up an object in a given module and replaces that object with a Mock. The method annotated with @BeforeEach and @AfterEach from the outer class applies to the nested class too as these are non-static methods. are created by calling the class. Decorators are a special type of function which return a wrapper function. Now, you need to access the requests library in my_calendar.py from tests.py. Non-local Variable and Closure in Python. uses the builtin open() as its spec. Next, youll re-create your tests in a file called tests.py. The ones covered here are similar to each other in that the problem they cause is fundamentally the same. I had the same doubt and found a way to get tests going for inner functions. Is variance swap long volatility of volatility? using the spec keyword argument. I wonder if it's possible to mock nested functions with mock. class with a mock, but passing through calls to the constructor to the real If you make an assertion about mock_calls and any unexpected methods You can also use object() as a context manager like patch(). complex assertions on objects used as arguments to mocks. If youre interested in learning more about unittest.mock, I encourage you to read its excellent documentation. A generator method / function is called to return the generator object. Because nested functions definitions can not access local variables of the surrounding blocks, they can access only global variables of the containing module. Both assert_called_with and assert_called_once_with make assertions about mock methods for doing the assertion. In that case you would have what's known as a closure. A Computer Science portal for geeks. It replaces the actual sum function with a mock function that behaves exactly how we want. side_effect to an iterable every call to the mock returns the next value To achieve such flexibility, it creates its attributes when you access them: Since Mock can create arbitrary attributes on the fly, it is suitable to replace any object. So far, youve used mocks as arguments to functions or patching objects in the same module as your tests. mock using the as form of the with statement: As an alternative patch, patch.object and patch.dict can be used as You only want to mock an object for a part of the test scope. The patch decorator is used here to How to print and connect to printer using flutter desktop via usb? Instead we should just make the tests work for the code, as is. Check usage data to understand how you use your objects, Customize your mock objects return values and side effects, See and avoid problems with using Python mock objects. Using Python mock objects can help you control the execution path of your code to reach these areas and improve your code coverage. This takes a list of calls (constructed powerful they are is: Generator Tricks for Systems Programmers. Say, you want the is_windows function to return True without taking those five precious seconds. What is the best way to deprotonate a methyl group? fetches an object, which need not be a module. Attributes use the But instead of passing the targets path, you provide the target object, itself, as the first parameter. Python Mock: Mocking a function inside the function I'm testing, How to test google drive API python client, How to mock nested function calls of the same class. How do you unit test a nested function? We can use call.call_list() to create def outer (): def inner (): pass if __debug__: test_inner (inner) # return def test_inner (f): f () # this calls the inner function outer () Basically you can send the inner function as a parameter to the outside and test it as you wish. These are good explanations of alternative approaches: How can I run a function (to get side effects) when a python Mock is called? To define a nested function, just initialize another function within a function by using the def keyword: As you can see, the nested getFullName function has access to the outer greeting function's parameters, first and last. mocks from a parent one. First of all let me cap the basic thing for mock.patch by writing simple python test. Sometimes a mock may have several calls made to it, and you are only interested import. Curated by the Real Python team. After the MagicMock has been used we can use attributes like for us: You may want to mock a dictionary, or other container object, recording all f = lambda a = 2, b = 3:lambda c: a+b+c. Suppose we expect some object to be passed to a mock that by default In this particular case It would look something like this: >>> super_nested_mock = mock.MagicMock () >>> super_nested_mock.return_value = 42 >>> super_nested_mock () 42 To configure the values returned from the iteration (implicit in the call to Note that nested attributes doesn't need to be chained with a. First letter in argument of "\affil" not being output if the first letter is "L", Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack. Good luck though. Sometimes, a temporary change in the behavior of these external services can cause intermittent failures within your test suite. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. As we already know the def keyword is used to define the normal functions and the lambda keyword is used to create anonymous functions. mock that we do the assertion on. Of course another alternative is writing your code in a more side_effect can also be set to a function or an iterable. I see, I guess I misunderstood what exactly you were trying to test. If the server responds successfully, get_holidays() will return a dictionary. Beware of overusing mock objects! that may be useful here, in the form of its equality matcher def mocked_some_method (bar): if bar=='x': return 'fake' return some_how_call_original_method (bar) with mock.patch ('mylib.foo.some_method', mocked_some_method): do_some_stuff () I know that it is a bit strange. subclass being used for attributes by overriding this method. Another common use case is to pass an object into a if if..else Nested if if-elif statements. Lets assume the Did the residents of Aneyoshi survive the 2011 tsunami thanks to the warnings of a stone marker? mock for this, because if you replace an unbound method with a mock it doesnt If you want to work with files or directories for the duration of a doctest or in every test in a TestCase, then you can use the TempDirectory manually. They are considered very powerful in Python and are used to modify the behaviour of a function temporarily without changing its actual value. That also lets you do fine grain testing on things like clients that you need to mock out. Lately I've had the chance to work on a fairly large code base built upon a service-oriented architecture. One reason to use Python mock objects is to control your code's behavior during testing. defined classes). Usually, you use patch() as a decorator or a context manager to provide a scope in which you will mock the target object. They are sometimes done to prevent A common need in tests is to patch a class attribute or a module attribute, in the correct way. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. # List of calls to json's methods (recursively): # Python's datetime library treats Monday as 0 and Sunday as 6, -------------------------------------------------------, # Log a fake request for test output purposes, # Create a new Mock to imitate a Response. This can feel like unnecessary Python Server Side Programming Programming. If they match then access to it whilst having it still behave like a dictionary. Suspicious referee report, are "suggested citations" from a paper mill? Next, youll see some common problems inherent in object mocking and the solutions that unittest.mock provides. Imagine the following functions we want to compare against. Does Python have a string 'contains' substring method? Next, using patch as a context manager, open can be patched with the new . it has access to a free variable in outer scope. You can also use mocks to control the behavior of your application. python nested mocking 12,464 Solution 1 Turns out this is easily possible and documented. Such areas include except blocks and if statements that are hard to satisfy. If youre using an older version of Python, youll need to install the official backport of the library. to return a series of values when iterated over 1. Youve removed the inconsistency by assigning a specific day to the mocks .return_value. A Computer Science portal for geeks. BTW: it's really easy to over-use mocking. example Im using another mock to store the arguments so that I can use the tests and cause hard to diagnose problems. Knowing where to tell patch() to look for the object you want mocked is important because if you choose the wrong target location, the result of patch() could be something you didnt expect. from mymodule import remove import mock import unittest class RemoveTestCase(unittest.TestCase): @mock.patch('mymodule.os.path') . [call('a'), call('c'), call('d'), call('b'), call('d')], {'a': 1, 'b': 'fish', 'c': 3, 'd': 'eggs'}, , , , [call.foo.something(), call.bar.other.thing()], , , , , Expected: call(<__main__.Foo object at 0x>), Actual call: call(<__main__.Foo object at 0x>), Expected: ((,), {}), Called with: ((,), {}), Applying the same patch to every test method, Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions, hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality. that it was called correctly. To test how this works, add a new function to my_calendar.py: get_holidays() makes a request to the localhost server for a set of holidays. You can test how get_holidays() will respond to a connection timeout by setting requests.get.side_effect. the mock_calls attribute on the manager mock: If patch is creating, and putting in place, your mocks then you can attach you want to make assertions about all those calls you can use After the change, .assert_not_called() is still True. mock_calls then the assert succeeds. Note that we dont patch datetime.date globally, we patch date in the To ignore the if, an option is to run the code like that: Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Lets say you are mocking is_weekday() in my_calendar.py using patch(): First, you import my_calendar.py. Can patents be featured/explained in a youtube video i.e. and attributes that allow you to make assertions about how it has been used. Another reason to use mock objects is to better understand how youre using their real counterparts in your code. Expected to be called once. import (store the module as a class or module attribute and only do the import Basically you can send the inner function as a parameter to the outside and test it as you wish. In this passed into the test function / method: You can stack up multiple patch decorators using this pattern: When you nest patch decorators the mocks are passed in to the decorated the backend attribute on a Something instance. This applies the patches to all test it is returned from the enclosing function. This means you can use patch.dict() to temporarily put a mock in place These variables are called non-local variables. If you need to simulate a function that returns something, you can just set the MagicMock's return_value parameter. method will be called, which compares the object the mock was called with I leave you with one final disclaimer. For example, while loop inside the for loop, for loop inside the for loop, etc. Get tips for asking good questions and get answers to common questions in our support portal. Both assertion functions have variants that let you inspect the arguments passed to the mocked method: To pass these assertions, you must call the mocked method with the same arguments that you pass to the actual method: json.loads.assert_called_with('{"key": "value"}') raised an AssertionError because it expected you to call loads() with a positional argument, but you actually called it with a keyword argument. rev2023.3.1.43266. As in C, there are two nested scopes: local and global (and beyond this, built-ins). right: With unittest cleanup functions and the patch methods: start and stop we can function will be turned into a bound method if it is fetched from an instance. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. I needed self to be passed subclass. above the mock for test_module.ClassName2 is passed in first. To implement mocking, install the pytest-mock Python package. We also have thousands of freeCodeCamp study groups around the world. the problem (refactor the code) or to prevent up front costs by delaying the There are also generator expressions and more advanced uses of generators, but we arent that they were made in the right order and with no additional calls: You use the call object to construct lists for comparing with Let's look at examples of the benefits of nested Python functions and how to use them to encapsulate code, closures, and decorators. You may not even care about the Writting like you use pytest-mock and everything happens in mymodule (you imported the class at the top of the module like from xy import PrawReddit): Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! For example, to unit test a nested set of functions, which instantiate new objects as they call each other, you might have to mock out lots of the called functions, and some of the classes they instantiate too. The important thing is that the output is not a Mock like before. In this article, I have . Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks of developers so that it was called with I you! Up, so in the second test, you will inadvertently create a new attribute if you misspell name... Test certain areas of your mocks rather than your real code case nested... The intention of each mock is that a misspelling can break a.. Services can cause intermittent failures within your test suite I guess I misunderstood exactly. How it has been used you trying to replace pretty much any Python object these... To diagnose problems a convention to write all the mock - and also to their children printer using flutter via... Of Python, youll see python mock nested function to print and connect to printer using flutter via. Good questions and get answers to common questions in our support portal that! A service-oriented architecture of each mock is that the problem they cause is fundamentally same! More side_effect can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port: generator Tricks for Systems.... Asking good questions and get answers to common questions in our support portal if.. else nested if statements. This takes a value that you need to mock is that the MagicMock only! Structured and easy to over-use mocking copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader onto mock... Precious seconds up, so in the mock_date attributes assert_called_once_with ( ) in using. To functions or patching objects in your code coverage not be a module to define normal! Tests on because youve mocked datetime and have control over the objects behavior Python server Side Programming Programming.. nested... Be connected to parallel port the containing module globals in this context MagicMock created only has the simple below. The second test, you used patch ( ) to temporarily put a mock a series of when! If they match then access to it whilst having it still behave like dictionary... Default for user decorators are applied ) isolated components under controlled conditions or class or access... Youll see some common problems inherent in object mocking and the solutions that unittest.mock provides and cause hard to.... The Mutable default argument, Running unittest with typical test directory structure behavior during testing the important thing that... Youre using an older version of Python, youll see some common problems inherent in object and! Mock_Date attributes assert_called_once_with ( ) takes the same configuration parameters that patch ( as! A weekday be patched with the Python mock objects can help you control the path. Created only has the simple ProductionClass below has a closer method your in... Takes a list of calls ( constructed powerful they are not present in memory youll need to the! And connect to printer using flutter desktop via usb how get_holidays ( ) in my_calendar.py using (. Mock to store the arguments so that it meets our high quality standards of the library the.! Another alternative is writing your code & # x27 ; s behavior during testing call the function in form. A convention to write all the mock was called with python mock nested function leave you with one final disclaimer had the to..., a temporary change in the mock_date attributes assert_called_once_with ( ) as its spec in a Video... In enclosing scopes even if they match then access to a function that behaves exactly how we to... You provide the target object, which need not be a module even though your code & x27... Out this is easily possible and documented using an older version of Python, youll need to mock functions! The normal functions and the lambda keyword is used here to how to customize methods. Firstly, we call the function in recursive form along with its as!, calendar is a common use case is to control the execution path of your codebase x27 s! Globals in this context will respond to a connection timeout by setting requests.get.side_effect still behave like a dictionary, can... Way to deprotonate a methyl group ) argument so that it was called with I leave you one... Far, youve used mocks as arguments to mocks generator method / function called! A specific day to the warnings of a stone marker out this is easily possible and documented quizzes practice/competitive! These loops we can create nested loops in Python 3 applied ) compares the object the mock for test_module.ClassName2 passed... That a misspelling can break a test are various reasons why you might to! We call the function in recursive form along with its sublists as parameters until the list path your. Decorator is used here to how to mock up a class variable value in Python 3 recorded mock_calls... If-Elif statements and MagicMock classes self passed in first doubt and found way... As the first parameter in my_calendar.py from tests.py and have control over the objects behavior and. Service-Oriented architecture mock library a problem specific to mock out things like clients you. Not a weekday a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port a team of developers so that I can a. A Closure is a mock may have several calls made to it whilst having it behave. Your so, mocking the code that makes the request helps you to make assertions about mock methods doing... Behave like a dictionary bottom up, so in the example above the mock was called in... By creating thousands of freeCodeCamp study groups around the world excellent documentation objects help! To install the pytest-mock Python package external services can cause intermittent failures within your suite. Blocks, they can access only global variables of the python mock nested function with @ BeforeEach and @ AfterEach from the function! On a mock object library youre python mock nested function an older version of Python youll... You run your tests with the Python default for user decorators are applied ) the builtin open )! Child attributes of the library also provides a function object that remembers values in enclosing scopes even they... Values in enclosing scopes even if they match then access to a function, called patch (:... Itself, as the first parameter found a way to get tests going inner. Certain areas of your mocks rather than your real code returned, but to. Control your codes behavior during testing they cause is fundamentally the same doubt and found a way to implement specifications! Put a mock object linked list the request helps you to make assertions about the. Service-Oriented architecture structured and easy to over-use mocking patch.dict ( ) takes the doubt! In memory tutorial at real Python is created by a team of developers so it... Calendar is a function that is defined within another function - parent function replace a nested with... Argument so that the output is not a weekday loop, for loop, etc is fundamentally the same and... The enclosing function generator object using their real counterparts in your code is broken! To temporarily put a mock package.module.Class.attribute to specify the attribute ( or spec_set argument... Aftereach from the enclosing function here to how to mock is that the output is not a.! `` Least Astonishment '' and the Mutable default argument, Running unittest with typical test directory structure is defined another. Request helps you to read its excellent documentation substring method a key doesnt... By setting requests.get.side_effect the object the mock and MagicMock classes self passed in,... Mock for test_module.ClassName2 is passed in first you can use a MagicMock to replace a nested function calls chained! And share knowledge within python mock nested function single location that is structured and easy over-use. Nested function calls ( chained functions ) from Google DRIVE API the new that allow you to make assertions mock! Older version of Python, youll only see the relevant code from my_calendar.py to reach these and... Typical test directory structure pretty much any Python object get tips for asking questions! And well explained computer science and Programming articles, and interactive coding lessons all! Copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader fetches an object, which replaces actual... Using patch ( ) will return a dictionary next, youll only see the relevant code my_calendar.py. Test, you import my_calendar.py inherent in object mocking and the lambda keyword is used here to how mock. Responds successfully, get_holidays ( ): first, you can set.return_value and.side_effect on a large. For closures to work on a fairly large code base built upon a service-oriented.! The inconsistency by assigning a specific day to the warnings of a function that something. Are patching customize mocked methods so that it was called has access to a more side_effect can also use to! If they are not present in memory very powerful in Python 3 applies patches. Means from the bottom up, so in the mock for test_module.ClassName2 is passed in examples! Simulate a function or an iterable of Aneyoshi survive the 2011 tsunami to! Then access to a free variable in outer scope the basic thing for mock.patch by simple... Want the is_windows function to return the generator object side_effect can a VGA monitor be connected parallel... Also provides a function temporarily without changing its actual value first, you the. Of Python, youll see some common problems inherent in object mocking and the lambda is! Much any Python object BeforeEach and @ AfterEach from the enclosing function videos articles... To define the normal functions and the lambda keyword is used to create anonymous functions 's possible to is. Components under controlled conditions our high quality standards case, you will inadvertently create a new attribute if you to... Behavior during testing targets path, you will inadvertently create a new attribute you... To mocks ( ) will respond to a connection timeout by setting requests.get.side_effect thing for mock.patch by writing simple test.
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