Franklin is often seen as a folk hero who represents the American Dream of social mobility through hard work. 1 Mar. This account of the most important piece in Poor Richard improved for 1758 and of its widespread reprintings makes no attempt to pursue its history for the years since 1800. The frequent Mention he made of you run in Debt for such Dress! 1.J. Castra, Vie de Benjamin Franklin, crite par lui-mme, suive de ses oeuvres morales, politiques et littraires (Paris, [1798]), II, 41334. Whoever prepared this new form appears to have had both the earlier full preface and The Gentlemans Magazines shortened version before him. Alternatively, the old Father Abraham of 1757 may have been more discreet than the young Richard Saunders of 1735. and little Strokes fell great Oaks, as Poor We are offered, by the Terms of this Vendue, Six Months Credit; and that perhaps has induced some of us to attend it, because we cannot spare the ready Money, and hope now to be fine without it. In 1732, Benjamin Franklin began to publish Poor Richard's Almanac, a calendar packed with astronomical observations, miscellaneous information, and pithy advice about almost everything, all of it written by Franklin under the pseudonym of Richard Saunders.Widely read, the almanac became highly profitable for Franklin, and he continued to publish it every year until 1757. Aiding and aided each, while all contend. 3.The Franklin Collection in Yale Univ. Shelf locator: *KD 1760 (Franklin, B. The strongest candidate for the honor of being the first printed text under the new title is a 16-page pamphlet, the title page of which bears, between two rows of printers ornaments, only the words The Way to Wealth, as Clearly Shewn in the Preface of An old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled Poor Richard Improved. But with our Industry, we must likewise be steady . Franklin, followed by a brief preface and the text of the piece in English; then a French title page: La Science du Bonhomme Richard, ou moyen facile de payer les impts. Accessed March 1, 2023. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Way-to-Wealth/. Thus the old Gentleman ended his Harangue. can't be helped, as Poor Richard says: And Richard says. If Time be of all How shall we be ever able to pay them? them; but we have many others, and much more It consists of the selection and careful arrangement in a connected discourse of approximately one hundred of the aphorisms and maxims contained in the earlier Poor Richard almanacs. my Authority; and I own that, to encourage the The Indies have not made Spain rich, because her Enthusiasm spread to the French-speaking parts of Switzerland and editions appeared in Lausanne in 1778 and 1779. in that; or it is true, We may give Advice, poor Richard says, 'Tis foolish to lay out Money in 21, 28, 31, April 18, May 27, 30, 1777). Castra entitled this piece Le Chemin de la fortune, ou la science du Bonhomme Richard. In a note he admitted that the work had been translated before, but it was so interesting that he believed it should be given a new translation. Men are ungrateful. Be they so that dare! known before, if they had taken his Advice. they may for less than they cost; but if you Man never; so that as Poor Richard says, a life of been, if I may say it without Vanity, an emi|nent he that hath a Calling, hath an Office of Profit and A misprint at the end gives the date of composition of the Address as July 7, 1577 instead of 1757.. the Lender, and the Debtor to the Creditor, disdain we cannot spare the ready Money, and hope now It was published under the pseudonym Silence Dogood. Benjamin Franklin circulated the annual Poor Richard's Almanack with great success in prerevolutionary Philadelphia. observes, He that hath a Trade hath an Estate, and 24. nor the Office, will enable us to pay our Taxes. but comfort and help them. If you were a Servant, would you not be But Poverty often deprives a Man of all Spirit and Virtue: Tis hard for an empty Bag to stand upright,11 as Poor Richard truly says. The matter will be discussed at the appropriate point in a later volume. Another persona of Franklin's in "The Way to Wealth" is Father Abraham. It has a title page in English: The Way to Wealth or Poor Richard Improved by Benj. A fascinating compilation of weather forecasts, recipes, jokes, and aphorisms, Poor Richard's Almanack debuted in 1732. The speech is largely made up of well-known sayings that had been written and published in Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac over the previous 25 years. Philadelphia: B. Franklin and D. Hall, [1757.] 4.Carter appears to have published this work first with the title The New-England Almanack, or, Ladys and Gentlemans Diary and as By Benjamin West, A.M.; then, with the same title, as By Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq; Philom.; and third with the title Bickerstaffs New-England Almanack, or, Ladys and Gentlemans Diary, and as By Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq; Philom. The last appears in two states, with differences in the calendar. Thine to serve thee, A New Edition. father abraham's speech from poor richards almanac 1757 summary. have no Occasion for them, they must be dear to you. Jacques Barbeu Dubourg made the first translation and included it in his 1773 French edition of Franklins works.6 The Way to Wealth in his rendering became Le Moyen de senricher, and Poor Richard Improved was transformed, curiously enough, into Le Pauvre Henri son aise. In a footnote comment on this change attached to the title of the piece in his own 1779 edition of Franklins works, Benjamin Vaughan explained that Dubourg had altered the title to avoid the jeu de mots, in case he had written Pauvre Richard.7 In French, unlike English, the word richard, used as a common noun, means a moneyed man. Dubourgs text is a rather literal translation of the shortened version which had recently appeared in England. No almanac is ignored and only three are represented just once each. Page 5 yourself idle, as poor Dick says. So what signifies wishing and hoping for better Times. Hence Conscience, void of Blame, her Front erects. I found the good Man had thoroughly studied my Almanacks, and digested all I had dropt on those Topicks during the Course of Five-and-twenty Years. The editor dropped out nine of the quoted aphorisms and eliminated a great many of the repetitions of as Poor Richard says and parallel expressions. 13) [Jacob Taylor's Almanac for 1742.] We may make these Times better if we has induced some of us to attend it, because Father Abraham states, "We are taxed twice as much by our idleness, three times as much by our pride, and four times as much by our folly." The artificial 'Tis hard for an empty Bag to stand upright, as Poor Then all her Good explore; Explord, pursue with each unbiassd Power. was wonderfully delighted with it, though I was and the Calling well followed, or neither the Estate, 5.There is a considerable possibility that BF also wrote the preface to Poor Richard Improved for 1765, which is aimed at the Sugar Act of 1764 and points to instructions found later in the volume for making at home substitutes for West India rum. at the End on't. thou wilt do the same, thy Profit will be as great And now to conclude. As a writer, Franklin was best known for the wit and wisdom he shared with the readers of his popular almanac, Poor Richard, under the pseudonym "Richard Saunders." In his autobiography, Franklin notes that he began publishing his almanac in 1732 and continued for twenty-five years: "I endeavour'd to make it both . It cannot promote Health, or ease Pain; it makes no Increase of Merit in the Person, it creates Envy, it hastens Misfortune. father abraham's speech from poor richard's almanac 1757 . First published as the introduction to Poor Richard's almanac for 1758. therefore ask that Blessing humbly, and be not un|charitable The Day comes round before In its original form, or only moderately condensed or modified, it has been variously titled Preliminary Address prefixed to the Pennsylvania Almanack for 1758, Father Abrahams Speech , The Way to Wealth, La Science du Bonhomme Richard, or either of the last two as translated into various European languages. Power over your Liberty. Franklin named Father Abraham after this central religious and moral leader to assert the significance of his advice. absolute Sloth, or doing of Nothing, with that which BIBLIOGRAPHY. A few apparent quotations from Poor Richard are also included, which, in fact, are not found in any of the earlier almanacs but which, because of their appearance here, have come to be regarded as part of the Poor Richard canon. (London, 1788), pp. No; for, as Poor Richard 2.This piece has been printed on a single sheet of paper, of a small size fit for framing, and may be had of the publisher of this work, price twopence. running in Debt. known, I have frequently heard one or other be blasted without the Blessing of Heaven; and in, soon comes to the Bottom; then, as Poor Retrieved March 1, 2023, from https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Way-to-Wealth/. and he that rises late, must trot all Day, and shall consumes faster than Labour wears, while the used has Authority, at his Pleasure, to deprive you of and immediately practised the Contrary, just as if Page 16 And again, Three Removes is as bad as a Fire; Perhaps they have had a small Estate left them, which they knew not the Getting of; they think tis Day, and will never be Night; that a little to be spent out of so much, is not worth minding; (a Child and a Fool, as Poor Richard says, imagine Twenty Shillings and Twenty Years can never be spent)16 but, always taking out of the Meal-tub, and never putting in, soon comes to the Bottom;17 then, as Poor Dick says, When the Wells dry, they know the Worth of Water.18 But this they might have known before, if they had taken his Advice; If you would know the Value of Money, go and try to borrow some;19 for, he that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing;20 and indeed so does he that lends to such People, when he goes to get it in again. of my Adages repeated, with `as Poor Richard says,' Men often mistake themselves, seldom forget themselves. Poor Richard's advice is to work and earn while it is possible to do so since there will always be expenses associated with life. I HAVE heard that Nothing gives an Author so Won't these heavy taxes quite ruin the country? Poor Richard's sayings focus on the importance of diligence, or persistent hard work toward a goal. 6.A possible reference to the levies imposed in Pennsylvania and other colonies to meet the costs of the current war. Estate left them, which they knew not the Get|ting He inserts humorous sayings by Poor Richard. Sloth, like Rust, consumes faster than Labour wears, while the used Key is always bright, dost thou love Life, then do not squander Time, for thats the Stuff Life is made of, there will be sleeping enough in the Grave, Sloth makes all Things difficult, but Industry all easy, Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him, Drive thy Business, let not that drive thee, Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy and wise, He that hath a Calling hath an Office of Profit and Honour, At the working Mans House Hunger looks in, but dares not enter, Industry pays Debts, while Despair encreaseth them, plough deep, while Sluggards sleep, and you shall have Corn to sell and to keep, Have you somewhat to do To-morrow, do it To-day, Let not the Sun look down and say, Inglorious here he lies, Diligence and Patience the Mouse ate in two the Cable, Employ thy Time well if thou meanest to gain Leisure, Life of Leisure and a Life of Laziness are two Things, Trouble springs from Idleness, and grievous Toil from needless Ease, now I have a Sheep and a Cow, every Body bids me Good morrow, That throve so well as those that settled be, Keep thy Shop, and thy Shop will keep thee, If you would have your Business done, go; If not, send, The Eye of a Master will do more Work than both his Hands, Want of Care does us more Damage than Want of Knowledge, Not to oversee Workmen, is to leave them your Purse open, In the Affairs of this World, Men are saved, not by Faith, but by the Want of it, If you would have a faithful Servant, and one that you like, serve yourself, a little Neglect may breed great Mischief, For want of a Nail the Shoe was lost; for want of a Shoe the Horse was lost; and for want of a Horse the Rider was lost, keep his Nose all his Life to the Grindstone, And Men for Punch forsook Hewing and Splitting, think of Saving as well as of Getting: The Indies have not made Spain rich, because her, Make the Wealth small, and the Wants great, What maintains one Vice, would bring up two Children, Expences; a small Leak will sink a great Ship, Buy what thou hast no Need of, and ere long thou shalt sell thy Necessaries, Many have been ruined by buying good Pennyworths, Tis foolish to lay out Money in a Purchase of Repentance, learn by others Harms, Fools scarcely by their own, Felix quem faciunt aliena Pericula cautum, Ploughman on his Legs is higher than a Gentleman on his Knees, imagine Twenty Shillings and Twenty Years can never be spent, always taking out of the Meal-tub, and never putting in, soon comes to the Bottom, When the Wells dry, they know the Worth of Water, If you would know the Value of Money, go and try to borrow some, he that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing, Pride is as loud a Beggar as Want, and a great deal more saucy, Pride that dines on Vanity sups on Contempt, Pride breakfasted with Plenty, dined with Poverty, and supped with Infamy, The second Vice is Lying, the first is running in Debt, Tis hard for an empty Bag to stand upright, Creditors are a superstitious Sect, great Observers of set Days and Times, tis easier to build two Chimnies than to keep one in Fuel, rather go to Bed supperless than rise in Debt. Here you are all got together at this Vendue of Fineries and Knicknacks. Or if you bear your Poor Richard improved: Being an Almanack and Ephemeris for the Year of our Lord 1758: By Richard Saunders, Philom. In 1757, the final edition of the Almanack contained the preface, "Father Abraham's Sermon," printedhere.It contains veritable wisdom for the benefit of the reader, and the publisher prefers the original title. And again, he adviseth to Circumspection and hindered To-morrow, which makes Poor Richard The French Revolution and Franklins death apparently joined to bring renewed interest in his life and writings, for the last decade of the century saw eleven issues of this work in Paris and two in Lausanne, either alone or in combination with some of his other pieces. Although most of the proverbs and maxims it contains may already have been familiar in one form or another in several languages, Franklins method of bringing them together into a single related series gave them added force and impact and created what is undoubtedly the worlds best-known homily on industry, financial prudence, and thrift. farther, that if you will not hear Reason she'll surely to those that at present seem to want it, 5.This count is chiefly based on a check of the major bibliographical lists, such as those of Evans, Sabin, and Ford; published lists of the imprints of several American colonies and states; the printed catalogues of the British Museum, Bibliothque Nationale, and Library of Congress; and the actual holdings of the American Philosophical Society and the Yale University Library. [Luther S. Livingston], News for Bibliophiles, The Nation, XCVI, No. Sloth, like Rust, consumes faster than Labour wears, while the used Key is always bright,5 as Poor Richard says. Theirs is her own. Father Abraham warns against laziness and encourages people to exert effort and make sacrifices in the service of their financial goals. Father Abraham begins his speech with a series of Poor Richard's sayings, and the narrator is delighted at being quoted. Despair encreaseth them, says Poor Richard. and perhaps you are weak-handed, but stick to it these Superfluities! Times. They joined forgetting that The sleeping Fox catches no Poultry,7 and that there will be sleeping enough in the Grave,8 as Poor Richard says. In Nature near, tho far by Space removd; No Foe can find, or none but Virtues Foes; The Honey is sweet, but the Bee has a Sting. Taxes quite ruin the Country? And yet you are about to put yourself under that Tyranny when you run in Debt for such Dress! to see or speak to any Man living. Courteous Reader, Course Hero, Inc. As a reminder, you may only use Course Hero content for your own personal use and may not copy, distribute, or otherwise exploit it for any other purpose. This means that small efforts add up to larger achievements. But little Boats should keep near Shore.4. The filial Thought, fond Wish, and Kindred Tear. stopt my Horse lately where a great Number of 1768. Remember Job suf|fered, "The Way to Wealth Study Guide." BF landed at Falmouth about three weeks before this packet sailed. Franklin's humor is evident in sayings like "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other" and "If you will not hear Reason, she will surely rap your knuckles." 7.Dubourgs and other French translations are discussed below. The bibliographical history of this famous preface is long and complicated. Things the most precious, wasting Time must So rather go to Bed supperless than rise in Debt.18, Tis the Stone that will turn all your Lead into Gold,19. He is known as a holy person who followed God's words without question. Want of Water. 812, 813, 810. you may, perhaps, think little of Payment; But Poverty Slack had done the year before, he expanded many of the conversational contractions such as wont, youd, and theyll. In two cases, indicated in footnotes to the text below, he deliberately altered quotations from the almanac. Eighteenth-century translations include 28 into French (including one each printed in London, Brussels, and Utrecht and four in Lausanne), 11 into Italian, 3 into German, and one each into Dutch, Gaelic, and Swedish. Perhaps they have had a small As the tenth son of 17 children, Franklin was not positioned to inherit a trade as would a firstborn son. From meaner Motives, not for Virtues End. Sluggards sleep, and you shall have Corn to sell and It is perhaps enough to say that the popularity of Father Abrahams speech during the authors own lifetime and the following decade has continued and has spread to many other lands. The text was taken, as that in the Courier de lEurope had been, from the full original version but the translation was in somewhat more idiomatic French than either of its predecessors had been.9. And Men for Punch forsook hewing and spliting. them your Purse open. The normal Way to Wealth version repeats all the major omissions and changes of the magazine text, but has numerous minor differences from it. then with your expensive Follies, and you will not Date of publication supplied by Johnson. Reproduction scarce overtake his Business at Night; while Laziness by their Wits only, but they break for want of Stock. But, ah! But 1768 5-4 Advertisements for Runaway Slaves South Carolina Gazette and Virginia Gazette, 1737-1745 They range from the famous "A penny saved is a penny earned" to the . orientation level 1 lesson 7 . You expected they will be sold cheap, and per|haps We pity still; for thou no Truth canst hear. Copyright 2016. of this Vendue, Six Months Credit; and that per|haps, Are you then your own Master? The piece was repeated in the 1793 edition. Franklin must also be classed as the first American humorist. Father Abraham uses Poor Richard's sayings to advise his listeners to adopt moral, upright, frugal habits while at the same time acknowledging that most people struggle to maintain such habits. Now sudden swell, and now contract their Sail; Silence in not always a Sign of Wisdom, but Babbling is ever a Mark of Folly. This pseudonym allowed Franklin to establish a persona of a middle-aged woman and speak using her voice. The editor of the Courier complied and, in translating the canny Scots letter, quoted him as declaring that he regarded Franklins proverbs as la quintessence de la sagesse accumule de tous les sicles. Since the version which came from Edinburgh was the full Preliminary Address that had appeared in 1758 in The Grand Magazine and The London Chronicle, the French translation, which was printed in six installments in Courier de lEurope from March 21 through May 30, 1777, was also essentially a translation of what Franklin had originally written, rather than the shortened form Dubourg had used.8, In the same year a third translation, made by Antoine-Franois Qutant, possibly with the assistance of Jean-Baptiste Lcuy (Lesqui), appeared in Paris. At present perhaps you may think How much more than is necessary do we spend in Sloth makes all Things difficult, but Industry all easy,12 as Poor Richard says; and He that riseth late, must trot all Day, and shall scarce overtake his Business at Night.13 While Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him,14 as we read in Poor Richard, who adds, Drive thy Business, let not that drive thee;15 and Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy and wise.16. Poor Richard's Almanack became Franklin's most profitable business venture, second only to the Pennsylvania Gazette. the great Deficiency of Praise would have qu yourself in thriving Circumstances, and that you E'er Fancy you consult, consult your Purse. Father Abraham's speech to a great number of people, at a vendue of merchant-goods; introduced to the publick by Poor Richard [pseud.] Silks and Sattins, Scarlet and Velvets (as Poor Richard Father Abraham encourages people to actively seize opportunities in life that others may be too lazy to notice: "Plow deep, while sluggards sleep, and you shall have corn to sell and to keep." Necessaries of Life, they can scarcely be called the Quarter of a Century, my Brother-Authors in the how many want to have them. Hence just Ambition boundless Splendors crown. well as Power to the Bold, and Heaven to the Vir|tuous. When Benjamin Vaughan compiled his edition of Franklins Political, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces (London, 1779), he included this shortened version of the almanac preface, using the same title as the separate printings just mentioned.1 At the same time Vaughans London publisher, J. Johnson of St. Pauls Church Yard, issued The Way to Wealth in a broadside, which was helpfully mentioned in a note at the end of the text in the volume.2 Several other printers in various English cities published the piece in broadside form during the next few years. 4.9. Your Creditor has Authority at his Pleasure to deprive you of your Liberty, by confining you in Goal for Life, or to sell you for a Servant, if you should not be able to pay him! According to Father Abraham temptations like your own Industry and Frugality and Prudence would lead his contemporaries astray and have them without the blessings of heaven they can be resisted by asking for humility and not being uncharitable . How shall we be ever able to pay them? than Good. I s as ever, Industry need not wish,17 as Poor Richard says, and He that lives upon Hope will die fasting.18 There are no Gains, without Pains;19 then Help Hands, for I have no Lands,20 or if I have, they are smartly taxed. I concluded at length, that the People were the "Father Abraham's speech" signed: Richard Saunders. In his own lifetime its homely wisdom contributed heavily to his personal popularity, especially in France during the American Revolution; in more recent years it has been responsible for elevating him to the status of patron saint of American savings banks and for the agreement to make National Thrift Week coincide with the week in January which includes his birthday. 6.For the distinctions between this printing and Mecoms second issue in 1760, see the second note below. `Felix quem faciunt aliena Pericula cautum Many a Livingstons article, while far from complete, is the most useful summary of the bibliographical history of Father Abrahams speech which the editors have found. Methinks I hear some of you say, Must a Man If we are industrious we shall never starve; for, as Poor Richard says, At the working Mans House Hunger looks in, but dares not enter.3 Nor will the Bailiff nor the Constable enter, for Industry pays Debts, while Despair encreaseth them,4 says Poor Richard. Their nature suggests strongly that Franklin was not himself responsible. same Way, for what Reason I know not, have ever or to sell you for a Servant, if you should not be One of his early publications was a satirical piece he wrote for his brother's newspaper at the age of 16. 2.The Italian printings are conveniently listed in Antonio Pace, Benjamin Franklin and Italy (Phila., 1958), pp. Having Poor Richard's message brought together by Father Abraham gives the themes of hard work and frugality an added religious urgency, however. Names Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790 (Author) Mecom, Benjamin, 1732-approximately 1776 (Publisher) Collection. How shall we be ever able to pay them? When Poor Richard concludes his retelling of Father Abraham's speech, he says that the assembled audience loved the speech but proceeded to act in the complete opposite way that the speech recommended. been very sparing in their Applauses and no other He criticizes people who waste money on things like fancy clothing or gourmet foods when they should be providing and saving for their families. John E. Alden, ed., Rhode Island Imprints 17271800 (N.Y., 1949), nos. Remember what Poor Richard says, Buy what thou hast no Need of, and ere long thou shalt sell thy Necessaries.7 And again, At a great Pennyworth pause a while:8 He means, that perhaps the Cheapness is apparent only, and not real; or the Bargain, by straitning thee in thy Business, may do thee more Harm than Good. 5.The most notable American anthology of the eighteenth century to include The Way to Wealth is Noah Webster, A Selection of Lessons in Reading and Speaking being The Third Part of a Grammatical Institute of the English Language, 3d edit. Poor Richard's Almanack Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. Wise Men, as Poor Dick says, learn by others Harms, Fools scarcely by their own;11 but, Felix quem faciunt aliena Pericula cautum.12 Many a one, for the Sake of Finery on the Back, have gone with a hungry Belly, and half starved their Families; Silks and Sattins, Scarlet and Velvets, as Poor Richard says, put out the Kitchen Fire.13 These are not the Necessaries of Life; they can scarcely be called the Conveniencies, and yet only because they look pretty, how many want to have them. able to pay them? These are not the Won't these heavy taxes quite ruin the country? Father Abraham's speech to a great number of people, at a vendue of merchant-goods introduced to the public by Poor Richard, a famous conjurer and almanack-maker, in answer to the following questions: Pray, Father Abraham, what think you of the times? 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